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Ballistics

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Ballistics are an important part of Escape from Tarkov. They play a big role in firefights and often determine the outcomes. Choosing the right weapon, ammo and gear is one of the most important parts in coming out on top of fighting.

Flight ballistics

Bullet flight is simulated realistically in Escape from Tarkov. Bullets have speed, are affected by gravity and air friction and can penetrate or ricochet when hitting objects. The specific flight characteristics of a bullet are determined by the ammo type, and the chance of a bullet penetrating or ricocheting off of an object is determined by the material of the object and the type of bullet. Bullets lose both damage and penetration power as they lose speed from air friction over long distances.

Terminal ballistics

Escape from Tarkov simulates damage to the body and body armor. Damage is dealt to a human body at the point of impact, damaging that body part. Bullets are capable of penetrating various surfaces and body parts, enabling the same round to damage multiple parts. The damage dealt by a bullet is based only on the bullet itself, and not by the gun it was fired from. Armor protection is also simulated realistically, stopping bullets entirely instead of providing a damage reduction like in most other games.

Armor and penetration

ArmorAreasInspectionWindow

Armor areas in the inspection screen

Body armor provides protection to specific body areas. Which areas are protected can be seen in the inspection window of every armor item.

The armor items that are currently available in-game can provide protection to the following areas: Face, Head top, Nape, Ears, Eyes, Jaws, Throat, Back neck, Thorax, Stomach, Back, Sides, Shoulders, Groin, Buttocks.

Some body areas, for example the armpit one can currently not be protected by armor and represent a weak point.

The penetration chance of a bullet hitting armor is calculated based on the armor's protection class, the armor's remaining durability % and the ammo's penetration power value. The chance is then rolled to determine whether or not the bullet penetrates. The angle of impact does not influence the penetration chance. With each layer of armor a bullet passes through, it loses some penetration power and damage.

If the bullet penetrates, it deals between 0% and 40% less damage based on an algorithm that uses the bullet's pen value and the armor's class and durability %. There is a strong correlation between the penetration chance of the penetrating round and the damage reduction applied to it: higher penetration chances result in less damage reduction, with high armor classes and high pen values of ammo having lower reductions than others. Most penetrations will be around 20% damage reduction when a bullet starts to penetrate an armor, but armors like a PACA vs. 5.56x45mm M995 will result in 0% reduction.

If the bullet does not penetrate, "blunt damage" is applied, which lets through a % of the base damage of the bullet to the body part hit. This % is based on the specific armor's "blunt throughput" stat, the penetration value of the ammo, and the armor's class and remaining durability %. If there is soft armor between hard armor and the body, the blunt damage gets decreased. Blunt damage is very low and usually not a notable factor in time to kill.

Durability

Durability of armor is important, the lower the current % of durability remaining the less protection the armor offers overall. The durability % is calculated by dividing the current durability of the armor by the original maximum durability of the armor. As an example a 45/45 repaired Cult Locust ballistic plate is calculated as 45/60, or 75%.

The durability damage taken from bullets is based on the penetration value of the ammo and the armor level of the armor, multiplied by the ammo's armor damage % and the armor material's destructibility %. The minimum durability damage armor can take from a single hit is 1, including from individual buckshot pellets. Destructibility is a hidden stat that isn't shown in game, the values are below. A penetrating round does a little bit less durability damage to armor than a round that does not penetrate. It varies, but is usually around 10-15% less.

Material Destructibility Explosive Destructibility
Aramid 0.1875 0.15
UHMWPE 0.3375 0.3
Combined Materials 0.375 0.2
Titan 0.4125 0.375
Aluminium 0.45 0.45
Armor steel 0.525 0.45
Ceramic 0.6 0.525
Glass 0.6 0.6

If you want to find the effective durability of different armor to compare how durable different armors are, use the following formula: EffectiveDurability = Durability ÷ Destructibility In the above example EffectiveDurability =0.75/0.6=1.25 which means it can still have more than it's maximum durability (100 hitpoints).

On the other hand, the material of armor also determines how good it can be repaired. While ceramic armor plates like the SPRTN Elaphros and Granit Br5 will be almost broken after 2 repairs, UHMWPE plates like the PRTCTR and GAC 4sss2 can be repaired many times and still retain good defense.

Angles and ricochets

The angle of impact has no effect on armor except for helmets, which bullets can ricochet off of. If a bullet strikes a helmet within a certain range of angles, the round has a chance to ricochet determined by how shallow the angle is and the ricochet chance of the helmet. The required angles and the ricochet chance are determined by the helmet and vary for each individual helmet. If a ricochet occurs it is the same as the helmet stopping the penetration as far as the penetration calculation is concerned. Blunt damage and durability damage continue as they would normally, however the health and durability damage are significantly lowered to the point that there is almost no blunt damage received and the helmet almost always takes the minimum durability damage, which is 1.

Ammo and penetration chart

How to read

Effectiveness level Average amount of bullets stopped Explanation
0 Pointless 20+ Can't penetrate in any reasonable amount of hits
1 It's possible, but... 13 to 20 Typically doesn't penetrate at all for a large number of hits, or starts with a very low chance and barely increases
2 Magdump only 9 to 13 Has a very low or no penetration chance initially and very slowly gains chance
3 Slightly effective 5 to 9 Has a low penetration chance initially and slowly gains chance, or quickly damages armor until it penetrates
4 Effective 3 to 5 Starts with a low-medium penetration chance but quickly increases
5 Very effective 1 to 3 Penetrates a large percent of the time initially, often quickly going to >90%
6 Usually ignores <1 Initially penetrates >80% of the time.

Caliber quick selection

Pistol Rounds PDW Rounds Rifle Rounds Shotgun Rounds Other

Denotation notes

* Assuming all projectiles hit the target on every shot. Because each projectile causes a minimum of 1 durability loss to armor, it becomes effective at breaking down armor and eventually penetrating.
S Denotes Round is Subsonic
T Denotes Round is a Tracer
E Denotes Round is Explosive
FM Denotes Round cannot be listed for sale on the flea market

Caliber Name DMG Penetration
power 		Armor
DMG % 		Accuracy
% 		Recoil Light
Bleed % 		Heavy
Bleed % 		Speed
m/s 		Bullet effectiveness against armor class
1 2 3 4 5 6
7.62x25mm Tokarev 7.62x25mm TT LRNPC 66 7 27 +10 -10 +15 +10 385 5 0 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT LRN 64 8 28 +5 -5 +15 +10 375 5 0 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT FMJ43 60 11 29 427 6 1 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT AKBS 58 12 32 +15 -15 425 6 2 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT P gl 58 14 32 430 6 3 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT PT gzh T 55 18 34 -10 415 6 4 0 0 0 0
7.62x25mm TT Pst gzh 50 25 36 430 6 6 4 1 0 0
9x18mm Makarov 9x18mm PM SP8 gzh S 67 1 2 +15 +10 250 0 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM SP7 gzh 77 2 5 +25 +10 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PSV S 69 3 5 +10 280 0 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM P gzh S 50 5 16 +10 302 2 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PSO gzh S 54 5 13 +10 +10 315 2 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PS gs PPO S 55 6 16 +15 330 3 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PRS gs S 58 6 16 +15 302 3 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PPe gzh S 61 7 15 +15 297 4 0 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PPT gzh S T 59 8 22 -5 -7 +15 301 5 1 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM Pst gzh S 50 12 26 298 6 1 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM RG028 gzh S 65 13 26 330 6 2 0 0 0 0
9x18mm PM BZhT gzh S 53 18 28 +15 +10 325 6 5 1 0 0 0
9x18mm PMM PstM gzh 58 24 33 +5 420 6 6 4 0 0 0
9x18mm PM PBM gzh 40 28 30 +4 519 6 6 5 1 0 0
9x19mm Parabellum 9x19mm RIP 102 2 11 +5 +30 +10 381 0 0 0 0 0 0
9x19mm QuakeMaker S 85 8 22 +10 +10 +15 +22 290 6 1 0 0 0 0
9x19mm PSO gzh S 59 10 32 340 6 2 0 0 0 0
9x19mm Luger CCI 70 10 38 +20 +20 420 6 2 0 0 0 0
9x19mm Green Tracer T 58 14 33 -5 -6 365 6 3 1 0 0 0
9x19mm FMJ M882 56 18 35 385 6 5 2 0 0 0
9x19mm Pst gzh 54 20 33 457 6 6 2 0 0 0
9x19mm AP 6.3 52 30 48 392 6 6 6 4 2 1
9x19mm PBP gzh 44 39 53 +5 +5 560 6 6 6 5 4 3
9x21mm Gyurza 9x21mm PE gzh 80 15 63 +3 -5 +15 +10 415 6 2 0 0 0 0
9x21mm P gzh 65 18 44 +15 +10 413 6 3 0 0 0 0
9x21mm PS gzh 59 22 39 +1 -3 410 6 6 3 1 0 0
9x21mm 7U4 S 53 27 44 300 6 6 5 3 1 0
9x21mm BT gzh T 52 32 42 -5 +5 410 6 6 6 4 3 1
9x21mm 7N42 Zubilo 49 38 47 -3 +10 400 6 6 6 5 4 2
.357 Magnum .357 Magnum SP 108 12 15 +27 -29 +35 +20 455 6 1 0 0 0 0
.357 Magnum HP 99 18 20 +15 +15 +40 +30 481 6 3 0 0 0 0
.357 Magnum JHP 88 24 28 +15 +8 +25 +25 425 6 6 2 0 0 0
.357 Magnum FMJ 70 35 43 +12 +10 385 6 6 6 2 1 0
.45 ACP .45 ACP RIP S 130 3 12 -5 +30 +20 293 1 0 0 0 0 0
.45 ACP Hydra-Shok S 100 13 30 +30 274 6 3 0 0 0 0
.45 ACP Lasermatch FMJ S T 76 19 37 +10 290 6 5 1 0 0 0
.45 ACP Match FMJ S 72 25 36 340 6 6 3 1 0 0
.45 ACP AP S 66 38 48 -5 +7 299 6 6 6 5 4 2
.50 Action Express .50 AE JHP 130 3 23 -10 +5 +35 +40 440 1 0 0 0 0 0
.50 AE Hawk JSP 122 26 28 -5 +2 +25 +30 465 6 6 4 1 0 0
.50 AE Copper Solid 94 33 56 +5 +8 +10 460 6 6 6 5 3 2
.50 AE FMJ 85 40 50 +10 +10 440 6 6 6 6 4 3
4.6x30mm HK 4.6x30mm Action SX 65 18 28 690 6 5 1 0 0 0
4.6x30mm Subsonic SX S 52 23 33 +10 -22 290 6 6 3 0 0 0
4.6x30mm JSP SX 46 32 37 579 6 6 6 4 2 1
4.6x30mm FMJ SX 43 40 41 620 6 6 6 6 4 3
4.6x30mm AP SX FM 35 53 46 +10 680 6 6 6 6 6 5
5.7x28mm FN 5.7x28mm R37.F 98 8 7 +20 +20 729 4 0 0 0 0 0
5.7x28mm R37.X 81 11 9 -5 +10 +10 724 6 1 0 0 0 0
5.7x28mm SS198LF 70 17 19 792 6 4 1 0 0 0
5.7x28mm SS197SR 62 25 22 +10 594 6 6 4 1 0 0
5.7x28mm SB193 S FM 59 27 37 +5 -15 299 6 6 5 2 1 0
5.7x28mm L191 T 53 33 41 -4 715 6 6 6 3 2 2
5.7x28mm SS190 49 37 43 715 6 6 6 5 4 3
5.45x39mm 5.45x39mm HP 76 9 15 +3 -3 +15 +15 884 5 0 0 0 0 0
5.45x39mm PRS gs 70 13 24 -5 866 6 1 0 0 0 0
5.45x39mm SP 67 15 31 +5 -5 +10 +10 873 6 2 0 0 0 0
5.45x39mm US gs S 65 17 33 -15 303 6 5 1 0 0 0
5.45x39mm T gs T 59 20 36 -3 883 6 6 1 0 0 0
5.45x39mm FMJ 55 24 38 884 6 6 3 2 0 0
5.45x39mm PS gs 56 28 40 890 6 6 5 3 1 0
5.45x39mm PP gs 51 34 42 -2 +3 886 6 6 6 4 3 1
5.45x39mm BT gs T 54 37 44 -4 +5 880 6 6 6 5 3 2
5.45x39mm 7N40 FM 55 42 45 +50 -10 +20 +15 915 6 6 6 6 4 3
5.45x39mm BP gs FM 48 45 46 -3 +7 890 6 6 6 6 5 4
5.45x39mm BS gs FM 45 54 57 -4 +10 830 6 6 6 6 6 5
5.45x39mm PPBS gs Igolnik FM 37 62 59 -5 +15 905 6 6 6 6 6 6
5.56x45mm NATO 5.56x45mm Warmageddon 88 3 11 +10 +10 +20 +20 936 1 0 0 0 0 0
5.56x45mm HP 79 7 22 +15 +15 947 4 0 0 0 0 0
5.56x45mm MK 255 Mod 0 (RRLP) 72 11 24 936 6 1 0 0 0 0
5.56x45mm M856 T 60 18 26 -2 -2 874 6 5 1 0 0 0
5.56x45mm FMJ 57 23 33 957 6 6 4 1 0 0
5.56x45mm M855 54 31 37 922 6 6 5 3 2 0
5.56x45mm MK 318 Mod 0 (SOST) 53 33 39 +2 +3 +15 +10 902 6 6 6 4 2 1
5.56x45mm M856A1 T 52 38 44 -4 +4 940 6 6 6 5 3 2
5.56x45mm M855A1 FM 49 44 47 -5 +5 945 6 6 6 6 5 4
5.56x45mm M995 FM 42 53 52 -7 +8 1013 6 6 6 6 6 5
5.56x45mm SSA AP FM 38 57 58 -9 +6 1013 6 6 6 6 6 5
6.8x51mm 6.8x51mm SIG FMJ 80 36 49 899 6 6 6 5 4 2
6.8x51mm SIG Hybrid FM 72 47 58 +3 +10 914 6 6 6 6 5 5
.300 Blackout .300 Whisper 90 14 19 +5 -5 +20 853 6 4 2 1 0 0
.300 Blackout V-Max 72 20 25 +30 -10 +22 723 6 6 4 3 1 0
.300 Blackout BCP FMJ 60 30 36 605 6 6 6 3 2 0
.300 Blackout M62 Tracer T 54 36 40 +1 442 6 6 6 5 4 2
.300 Blackout CBJ FM 58 43 57 +5 725 6 6 6 6 5 3
.300 Blackout AP FM 51 48 65 +3 +15 +15 635 6 6 6 6 5 4
7.62x39mm 7.62x39mm HP 80 15 20 -5 +5 +15 +15 754 6 4 1 0 0 0
7.62x39mm SP 68 20 27 +5 -5 +5 +5 772 6 6 2 0 0 0
7.62x39mm FMJ 63 26 33 +2 -2 775 6 6 4 1 0 0
7.62x39mm US gzh S 56 29 42 +5 -30 301 6 6 5 3 1 0
7.62x39mm T-45M1 gzh T 65 30 46 -4 -6 720 6 6 6 3 1 0
7.62x39mm PS gzh 61 35 52 717 6 6 6 5 3 2
7.62x39mm PP gzh 59 41 57 -1 +5 732 6 6 6 6 4 3
7.62x39mm BP gzh FM 58 47 63 -3 +7 730 6 6 6 6 5 4
7.62x39mm MAI AP FM 53 58 76 -5 +10 +10 +10 875 6 6 6 6 6 5
7.62x51mm NATO 7.62x51mm Ultra Nosler 107 15 20 +10 -5 +20 +20 822 6 4 0 0 0 0
7.62x51mm TCW SP 87 30 25 -2 -3 +12 +12 808 6 6 6 3 2 0
7.62x51mm BCP FMJ 83 35 42 -7 840 6 6 6 4 3 2
7.62x51mm M80 FM 80 41 66 833 6 6 6 6 5 4
7.62x51mm M62 Tracer T FM 79 44 75 -6 -1 816 6 6 6 6 5 5
7.62x51mm M61 FM 70 64 83 +3 +10 849 6 6 6 6 6 6
7.62x51mm M993 FM 67 70 85 +5 +8 910 6 6 6 6 6 6
7.62x54mmR 7.62x54mm R HP BT 102 23 37 +10 807 6 6 3 1 0 0
7.62x54mm R SP BT 92 27 56 +7 706 6 6 5 4 2 1
7.62x54mm R FMJ 84 33 63 760 6 6 6 5 3 2
7.62x54mm R T-46M gzh T 82 41 83 -1 -5 800 6 6 6 6 4 3
7.62x54mm R LPS gzh 81 42 78 -5 865 6 6 6 6 4 3
7.62x54mm R PS gzh FM 84 45 84 +10 +8 875 6 6 6 6 5 5
7.62x54mm R BT gzh T FM 78 55 87 -2 -4 875 6 6 6 6 6 5
7.62x54mm R SNB gzh FM 75 62 87 +10 875 6 6 6 6 6 6
7.62x54mm R BS gs FM 72 70 88 785 6 6 6 6 6 6
.338 Lapua Magnum .338 Lapua Magnum TAC-X 196 18 55 +10 +5 +80 +50 880 6 5 3 1 0 0
.338 Lapua Magnum UCW 142 32 70 -5 +50 +40 849 6 6 6 5 4 2
.338 Lapua Magnum FMJ FM 122 47 83 +35 +50 900 6 6 6 6 5 5
.338 Lapua Magnum AP FM 115 79 89 +10 +20 +55 849 6 6 6 6 6 6
9x39mm 9x39mm FMJ S 75 17 28 +5 -5 330 6 5 2 0 0 0
9x39mm SP-5 gs S 71 28 39 +10 290 6 6 5 2 1 0
9x39mm SPP gs S 68 35 48 +10 +7 +10 +20 310 6 6 6 5 3 2
9x39mm PAB-9 gs S FM 62 43 57 -15 +10 +10 +12 320 6 6 6 6 5 4
9x39mm SP-6 gs S FM 60 48 64 +5 +10 +10 305 6 6 6 6 5 5
9x39mm BP gs S FM 58 54 69 +10 +15 295 6 6 6 6 6 5
.366 TKM .366 TKM Geksa 110 14 38 +30 +10 550 6 3 0 0 0 0
.366 TKM FMJ 98 23 48 +10 +20 +25 580 6 6 4 1 0 0
.366 TKM EKO 73 30 40 -10 -15 +20 770 6 6 6 3 1 0
.366 TKM AP-M FM 90 42 60 -22 +35 +10 602 6 6 6 6 5 4
12.7x55mm STs-130 12.7x55mm PS12A 165 10 22 -15 -12 +35 +30 870 6 0 0 0 0 0
12.7x55mm PS12 S 115 28 60 +10 +30 +20 300 6 6 5 2 1 0
12.7x55mm PS12B FM 102 46 57 +15 +15 570 6 6 6 6 5 4
12/70 12/70 5.25mm buckshot * S 8x37 1 15 330 3 3 3 3 3 3
12/70 8.5mm Magnum buckshot * 8x50 2 26 -15 +115 +20 +10 385 3 3 3 3 3 3
12/70 6.5mm Express buckshot * 9x35 3 26 +15 430 3 3 3 3 3 3
12/70 7mm buckshot * 8x39 3 26 415 3 3 3 3 3 3
12/70 Piranha * S 10x25 24 22 -5 +15 +15 310 6 6 5 4 4 4
12/70 flechette * S 8x25 31 26 -10 +25 +25 320 6 6 6 5 5 5
12/70 RIP 265 2 11 +80 +35 +40 +25 410 0 0 0 0 0 0
12/70 SuperFormance HP slug 220 5 12 +170 -15 +30 +40 594 0 0 0 0 0 0
12/70 Grizzly 40 slug 190 12 48 +80 +20 +10 390 6 2 0 0 0 0
12/70 Copper Sabot Premier HP slug FM 206 14 46 +150 +10 +35 +25 442 6 3 1 0 0 0
12/70 lead slug 167 15 55 +120 +10 +15 370 6 4 1 0 0 0
12/70 Poleva-3 slug 140 17 40 +110 -15 410 6 5 1 0 0 0
12/70 Dual Sabot slug 2x85 17 65 +100 +15 +15 415 6 5 2 0 0 0
12/70 FTX Custom Lite slug 183 20 50 +135 -25 480 6 6 2 0 0 0
12/70 Poleva-6u slug 150 20 50 +115 -10 +5 430 6 6 2 0 0 0
12/70 makeshift .50 BMG slug T 197 26 57 +90 +25 +15 410 6 6 5 3 1 0
12/70 AP-20 armor-piercing slug FM 164 37 65 +80 +50 +10 510 6 6 6 5 4 3
20/70 20/70 5.6mm buckshot * S 8x26 1 12 -10 +10 340 3 3 3 3 3 3
20/70 6.2mm buckshot * 8x22 2 13 410 3 3 3 3 3 3
20/70 7.5mm buckshot * 8x25 3 14 430 3 3 3 3 3 3
20/70 7.3mm buckshot * 9x23 3 13 +15 475 3 3 3 3 3 3
20/70 Devastator slug 198 5 13 +125 +30 +20 +30 405 1 0 0 0 0 0
20/70 Poleva-3 slug 120 14 35 +110 -15 425 6 2 0 0 0 0
20/70 Star slug 154 16 42 +130 +5 +30 415 6 5 1 0 0 0
20/70 Poleva-6u slug 135 17 40 +110 -10 +10 445 6 5 1 0 0 0
23x75mm 23x75mm Zvezda flashbang round FM 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
23x75mm Shrapnel-25 buckshot * S 8x78 10 20 +20 +10 375 6 4 3 3 3 3
23x75mm Shrapnel-10 buckshot * S 8x87 11 20 270 6 4 3 3 3 3
23x75mm Barrikada slug 192 39 75 -5 +25 420 6 6 6 6 4 4
40x46mm 40x46mm M576 (MP-APERS) grenade * 15x160 5 95 269 5 3 3 3 3 3
Stationary weapons 30x29mm VOG-30 E 199 1 95 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
12.7x108mm BZT-44M 199 80 95 818 6 6 6 6 6 6
12.7x108mm B-32 T 182 88 88 818 6 6 6 6 6 6
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